竹纤维增强聚氯乙烯发泡复合材料的制备与性能

以竹纤维和聚氯乙烯为原料,加入冲击改性剂、偶联剂、发泡剂等生产助剂,通过熔融混炼挤出,最后注塑成型为复合材料试样.研究了竹粉含量、冲击改性剂含量、偶联剂和发泡剂种类对该复合材料力学性能的影响,并利用扫描电镜分析了发泡复合材料的微观结构.结果表明：竹粉在一定添加量范围内对聚氯乙烯塑料基体的力学性能具有一定的增强效果,当竹粉添加质量分数超过20％后,复合材料的力学性能开始降低;抗冲击改性剂CPE的加入,可以在聚氯乙烯/竹粉复合材料体系中形成橡胶态过渡结构,组成不均匀相,进而提高复合材料的韧性;选用的几种偶联剂中,硅烷偶联剂对复合材料力学性能的作用效果最好,马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯次之,随后是改性EVA、铝酸酯偶联剂和钛酸酯偶联剂;组合发泡剂对聚氯乙烯/竹粉复合材料的发泡效果优于单一发泡剂,当AC＋尿素的添加质量分数为1.0％,且两者的质量比为1∶1时,其作用效果最优,泡孔数量多且均匀.

Preparation and Properties of Bamboo Fiber Reinforced PVC Composites

Injection sample of bamboo powder reinforced PVC composites was prepared with bamboo fiber, PVC powder, impact modifier, coupling agent, foaming agent and so on after melt mixing in twin screw extruder. The effects of bamboo fiber content, impact modifier loading, types of coupling agent and foaming agent on the mechanical properties as well as microstructure via SEM were investigated. The result showed that： Bamboo fiber reinforced the mechanical perfor- mance within certain filling ranges, and it turned to fall after the filling content exceeded 20%. The addition of CPE impact modifier introduced rubber state polymer structure, thus improved the toughness a lot. Silane coupling agent performed better than MAH-g-PP, EVA, aluminate coupling agent, titanate coupling agent in sequence in improving the effect of the composites. Composites foaming agent was superior to monocomponent one. The best foaming effect was obtained when AC ： Urea mass ratio was 1：1 with content at 1.0%.