低渗透油藏改造技术的研究及发展

鉴于目前低渗透油气田已经成为我国石油工业稳定发展的重要资源,加快低渗透油气田的开发势在必行,低渗透油田最基本的特点就是流体渗透能力差、产能低,需要进行改造才能维持正常生产。目前已发展的改造低渗透油田技术很多,如井内爆炸技术、核爆炸技术、高能气体压裂、根据岩石的压涨现象提出的爆炸松动技术、水力压裂和酸化技术等。常用的是水力压裂、高能气体压裂和酸化等。认为目前油藏改造的最优方法是将射孔、高能气体压裂、“层内”爆炸技术联合作业,首先进行高能气体压裂与复合孔的复合射孔的复合作业,产生不受地应力的多条径向裂缝,裂缝的长度能达到8~10m,然后进行大规模的水力压裂,之后进行“层内”爆炸作业,在水力裂缝周围产生多条不受地应力控制的多条小裂纹。最后,借鉴疏松砂岩端部脱砂压裂技术的经验,注入支撑剂,形成长期的油气流通道。

Development of Low Permeability Reservoir Improvement

The exploitation of low permeability reservoir will be faster and faster, because it is an important resource in petroleum industry of our countryside. The main character of the low permeability reservoir is low permeability and low productivity, so the improvement is need. The new improvement technology in low permeability reservoir was summarized. At the same time, the development of low permeability reservoir improvement is envisaged. At last, the optimized improvement technology is proposed.