离子型稀土原地浸矿溶质运移基础研究

离子型稀土开采先后经历了池浸、堆浸和原地浸出,目前广泛采用原地浸矿法,预测和适时调控原地浸矿中溶质运移过程是实施离子型稀土科学化和精准化开采的重要内容。总结了近年来土壤溶质运移几何模型,包括活塞流模型、单毛管模型、毛管束模型,归纳了土壤溶质迁移数学模型,包括对流弥散方程(CDE)、动水—不动水(MIM)模型、随机模型和传递函数模型(TFM),分析了各种模型的特点及在离子型稀土溶质运移的适用性；探讨了色谱塔板理论模型、地理信息系统应用模型、人工神经网络分析离子型稀土溶质运移的可行性,为揭示离子型稀土浸取过程的溶质迁移规律提供思路,有助于进一步完善离子型稀土原地浸矿理论体系。最后提出了离子型稀土溶质运移问题研究可能的发展趋势,为后续研究指明了方向。

The basic research on solute transport of ion-adsorption type rare earth

The ion-adsorption type rare earth mining has gone through pool leaching, heap leaching and in-situ leaching, and in-situ leaching method is used at present. To predict and adjust the process of solute migration in the in-situ leaching is an important content of the scientific and accurate ion-adsorption type rare earth mining. The geometric models of soil solute transport are summarized, such as the piston flow model, single capillary model and capillary bundle model. The mathematical models of soil solute transport are summed up, including the convection dispersion equation (CDE) and two-region model (MIM), stochastic model and transfer function model (TFM). The characteristics of various models and the applicability of the ion-adsorption rare earth solute transport are analyzed. The feasibility of analyzing the ion-adsorption rare earth solute transport by the theoretical model of the chromatographic tray, the geographic information system and the artificial neural network are discussed. It provides guidance for further revealing the law of solute transport in the process of in-situ leaching mine, and helps to improve the theory system of ion-adsorption type rare earth mining. Finally, the possible development trends for ion-adsorption type rare earth are suggested, which indicate the direction of future simulation study.