低碳绿色炼铁技术发展动态及展望

 当前,为积极应对气候变化等一系列问题,世界各国纷纷提出了绿色减排计划。与此同时,中国相应提出了“碳达峰、碳中和”节能减排目标,并以“1+N”等政策体系作为实现可持续发展战略、积极应对气候变化、履行大国义务的核心支持。钢铁工业作为31个制造业门类中碳排放量最大的行业,自然而然成为节能减排战役中的“排头兵”。目前,复杂的高炉生产工艺仍然以煤、焦等化石资源作为主要燃料,使得其成为钢铁流程中的碳耗大户、碳排放大户、污染排放大户,因此高炉炼铁工艺的绿色低碳转型升级已迫在眉睫。从背景介绍、发展动态以及未来发展展望这3大部分对低碳绿色炼铁技术进行论述,其中对绿色低碳炼铁技术发展动态部分进行了详细阐述。首先就优化节能低碳操作和构建循环经济环保圈两个层面,从精细炉料操作、提升生产技术等多个角度讨论了如何实现高炉工艺低碳绿色炼铁;其次从非高炉领域入手,对直接还原工艺和熔融还原工艺的国内外发展现状进行阐述,并进行了相应的比较与分类汇总;之后从创新型炼铁工艺(氢冶金、智能化炼铁)角度探讨了此类技术的发展态势。最后,综合当前绿色低碳炼铁技术发展最新动态进行了5个方面的展望,明确了“绿色低碳为方向,节能减排是目标”的任务方向。

Development trend and prospect of low-carbon green ironmaking technology

At present, in order to actively respond to a series of issues such as climate change, countries around the world have put forward green emission reduction plans. At the same time, China puts forward the corresponding "carbon peak, carbon neutral" energy conservation and emission reduction goals, and takes "1+N" and other policy systems as the core support to achieve sustainable development strategy, actively respond to climate change, fulfill the obligations of a big country. Steel industry, as the industry with the largest carbon emissions among 31 manufacturing sectors, naturally becomes the "vanguard" in the battle of energy conservation and emission reduction. At present, the complex blast furnace production process is still mainly taking coal, coke and other fossil resources as the main fuel, which makes it become a large carbon consumer, carbon emitter and pollution emitter in the iron and steel process, so the green and low-carbon transformation and upgrading of blast furnace ironmaking process is imminent. This paper discusses from three parts, that is background introduction, development trend of low-carbon green iron making technology and future development prospect. In particular, the development of green and low-carbon iron-making technology is elaborated in detail. Firstly, from two aspects of optimizing energy-saving and low-carbon operation and constructing circular economic environmental protection circle, it discusses how to realize low-carbon and green iron-making of blast furnace process from the perspectives of fine charge operation and improving production technology. Secondly, from the field of non-blast furnace, the development status of direct reduction process and melting reduction process at home and abroad is described, and the corresponding comparison and classification are summarized. Finally, the development trend for this kind of technology is discussed from the angle of innovative ironmaking process (hydrogen metallurgy, intelligent ironmaking). In the end, five aspects are prospected based on the latest developments of current green and low-carbon iron making technology, and the task direction of "green and low-carbon as the direction, energy saving and emission reduction as the target" is clearly defined.