增材制造专用陶瓷材料及其成形技术

陶瓷材料具有高强度、耐磨损、耐腐蚀和耐高温等特点,在航空航天、生物医疗和电子信息等领域具有良好的应用前景。然而,如何制造应用于上述领域的复杂形状陶瓷零件成为了一个重要的问题。目前,增材制造正逐步成为解决复杂形状陶瓷零件制造问题的有效方式。主要介绍了增材制造专用陶瓷材料及其成形技术。根据增材制造专用陶瓷材料的不同形态,可以将陶瓷材料分为粉材、丝材、片材和浆料/膏材4类。基于此,介绍了激光选区烧结(SLS)、激光选区熔化(SLM)、三维喷印(3DP)、熔融沉积制造(FDM)、分层实体制造(LOM)、立体光固化(SL)、数字光处理(DLP)以及直写成形(DIW)8类主要陶瓷增材制造技术及其应用。最后,根据陶瓷增材制造的最新研究成果,对增材制造专用陶瓷材料及其成形技术发展作出进一步的展望。

Ceramic Materials for Additive Manufacturing and Their Forming Technologies

Ceramic materials have many characteristics including high strength,wear and corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance,which are favorable for the applications of aerospace,biomedicine,and electronic information,etc.However,the fabrication of complex-shaped ceramic parts has become a great challenge.Additive manufacturing(AM)is believed to be an effective solution to resolve this issue.In this paper,ceramic materials for AM and their forming technologies were introduced.According to the different forms of ceramic materials for AM,ceramic materials for AM could be divided into four categories:powder,filament,sheet and slurry/paste.On this basis,several mainstream ceramic AM technologies and their applications,such as selective laser sintering(SLS),selective laser melting(SLM),three-dimensional printing(3DP),fused deposition manufacturing(FDM),laminated object manufacturing(LOM),stereolithography(SL),digital light processing(DLP)and direct ink writing(DIW),were detailedly discussed.Finally,according to the up to date researches on AM of ceramics,the future prospects for ceramic materials for AM and their forming technologies were carried out.