水工建筑物混凝土新型防护材料研究与应用

水工建筑物由于经常受到水压、水流冲刷、冻融或干湿循环等作用,容易出现渗漏、老化、溶蚀破坏及腐蚀等问题,缩短了建筑物的服务寿命。以聚氨酯和聚脲为基体,通过聚合反应或物理添加的方式,开发出新型含氟聚氨酯和氟改性聚天冬氨酸酯聚脲两种防渗抗裂涂层材料;通过三氟氯乙烯与不同的乙烯基醚和乙烯基酯的共聚制得了绿色环保的水性氟碳树脂涂料;以聚脲和乙烯基酯树脂为基体,通过与纳米或微米级无机粒子复合的方式,研发了抗冲磨材料。上述一系列防渗抗裂、抗老化、抗冲磨新型防护涂层材料,已成功应用于丹江口大坝加高工程混凝土表面防护、三峡船闸闸墙混凝土抗冲撞等工程,经现场测试及较长时间的服役考验,效果良好。研究成果可为水工防护材料的开发和性能提升优化研究提供重要依据。

New Protective Materials for Concrete in Hydraulic Structures:Research and Application

Subjected to water pressure, water erosion, freeze-thaw or dry-wet cycles, hydraulic structures are prone to suffer from leakage, aging, dissolution damage and corrosion, which shorten the service life of the buildings. We present some new protective materials for the concrete in hydraulic structures: anti-seepage and anti-cracking coating materials containing fluorinated polyurethane and fluorinated modified polyaspartic acid ester polyurea developed by means of polymerization reaction or physical addition with polyurethane and polyurea as the matrix; environmental-friendly water-based fluorocarbon resin coating prepared by copolymerizing trifluorovinyl chloride with different vinyl ethers and vinyl esters; and abrasion-resistant materials developed by using polyurea and vinyl ester resin as the matrix composite with nano-sized or micron inorganic particles. The above series of seepage control, crack resistance, anti-aging, and abrasion-resistant materials have been applied to the concrete’s surface protection of Danjiangkou dam heightening project, the concrete’s impact-resistance of Three Gorges ship lock gate wall and other projects. Field test and long service have proved good effect. The achievements offer basis for the development of hydraulic protective materials and the optimization of material performance.