商业综合体的疏散设计问题与优化措施

对某商业综合体进行疏散模拟，通过分析其人员疏散过程，发现该商业综合体的疏散走道中存在“瓶颈现象”、不平滑拐角的堵塞现象以及“T”形或“Y”形汇合处的集聚现象。分别采取增大瓶颈的宽度、改变走道轮廓线形状、适当扩大汇合处宽度形成缓冲区的措施进行优化，优化效果良好。此外，该商业综合体的安全出口、楼梯利用率较低。通过协调各出口的疏散宽度，使各安全出口的疏散同步进行，可以提高安全出口的利用率；将疏散利用率相差较大的相邻楼梯合并，可大幅度提高楼梯的疏散效率。

Evacuation design problems and optimization measures for commercial complexes

This article conducted an evacuation simulation of a commercial complex. By analyzing the evacuation process of its occupants, it is found that there are“bottlenecks”in the evacuation aisle, obstructions of the non- smooth corners, and clusters of“T"or“Y”shaped confluence.We adopted measures to increase the width of the bottleneck, change the shape of the contour of the aisle, and appropriately expand the width of the junction to form a buffer. The optimization results are good. In addition, the commercial complex had a low utilization rate for safe exits and stairs.The overall adjustment of the evacuation width of each exit will enable the evacuation of all safety exits to be carried out simultaneously to increase the utilization rate of the safety exits; the merging of adjacent stairs with a large difference in evacuation utilization rate will greatly increase the evacuation efficiency of the stairs.