经验因素与车道类型对汽车驾驶员变道决策的影响

目的考察驾驶经验与车道类型对驾驶员变道决策的影响以及不同经验驾驶员的眼动注意搜索模式。方法使用Tobii眼动仪和驾驶场景视频收集了35名驾驶员的变道决策反应时、变道频率及眼动数据。结果驾驶经验与车道类型对驾驶员变道决策反应时交互作用显著;驾驶经验、车道类型与兴趣区对驾驶员总注视时间交互作用显著,同时驾驶员前方视野总注视时间对其边侧车道变道决策反应时有负向预测作用。结论中间车道条件下,实习驾驶员变道决策反应时更慢;边侧车道条件下结论相反;中间车道条件下,实习驾驶员对于侧视镜的总注视时间更长;边侧车道条件下,实习驾驶员对于前方视野的总注视时间更长;边侧车道条件下,实习驾驶员对于前方视野注视时间越长,变道决策反应时越快,这可以被视为实习驾驶员变道决策反应时更快的主要视觉注意机制。本研究对驾驶员改善变道行为和安全驾驶具有重要意义。

The Influence of Empirical Factors and Lane Type on Lane-Changing Decision

Objective This study examined the influence of driving experience and lane type on drivers’lane-changing decision,and the visual fixation search mode of drivers with different experience.Methods Methods We employed the Tobii eye tracker and videos of driving situations to collect the lane-changing reaction time,the frequency of changing lane and eye movement data of 35 drivers in different types of lane.Results Result The interaction between the driving experience and type of lane with the lane-changing reaction time was significant;the interaction between the driving experience,type of lane and area of interest with the fixation duration was significant,and drivers’gaze time to the front view had a negatively predictive effect on the side lane-changing decision.Conclusion The lane-changing reaction of novice drivers is slower than the experienced drivers in the middle lane,which is contrary to the result in the side lane;the novice drivers have longer fixation duration to the side mirror than the experienced drivers in the middle lane.And their fixation duration to the front view is longer in the side lane;the longer their fixation duration to the front view in the side lane is,the faster their lane-changing reaction is,which can be viewed as novice drivers’main visual attention mechanism.This study is of great significance for drivers to improve their behavior of changing lane and their driving safety.