聚乙烯醇基相变复合材料研究进展

亲水性聚乙烯醇(PVA)具有相对较好的可加工性、安全性及生物可降解性,被广泛用作支撑材料,可将相变材料封装在其三维网状结构中以解决相变组分泄露的问题并使复合材料获得良好的导热性。基于此,综述了分别利用分子间作用力、共价键将PVA基体与相变材料复合的物理共混法及化学接枝法,对比了两种方法用于封装相变材料的优缺点;总结了目前PVA基相变复合材料的类型、成型方法及性能,包括经湿法纺丝、干法纺丝及静电纺丝等方法制备的相变复合纤维,经物理共混法制备的相变复合膜以及经一步法原位复合制备的相变复合多孔材料;分析了复合材料中相变组分及成型工艺等对材料结构及相变蓄热、力学及热稳定性等性能的影响;同时展望了功能化PVA基相变复合材料的研究方向及发展前景。

Research Progress on Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Phase Change Composites

Due to the relatively better processability,safety and biodegradability,hydrophilic polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)is widely used as supporting material to encapsulate phase change materials(PCMs)in its three-dimensional network structure,to solve the problem of the leakage of phase change components and make the composites obtain good thermal conductivity.On the basis of that,the methods compounding PCMs with PVA matrix through intermolecular forces of physical blending or covalent bonds of chemical grafting were reviewed.The advantages and disadvantages of both methods for encapsulating PCMs were compared.The types,forming methods and properties of PVA-based phase change composite were summarized.It includes phase change composite fibers prepared by wet spinning,dry spinning and electrostatic spinning,phase change composite films prepared by physical blending,and phase change composite porous materials prepared by one-step in-situ compounding.The effects of phase change components and forming process on the structure,thermal properties,mechanical performance and thermal stability of composites were analyzed.The research direction and development prospect of functional PVA-based phase change composites were also pointed out.