长江流域水生态问题与修复述评

长江流域水生态问题是一个历史性、持续性问题,一直以来备受关注。随着国家保护力度的提升和众多修复保护措施的实施,长江流域的水生态环境得到了一定的改善,但其修复保护工作依然任重道远。依据长江流域水生态问题的区域差异性特点,将长江划分为长江上游、中下游及河口3个区域,并针对各区域特有的水生态问题及其修复保护措施进行了梳理和分析。水生态问题总体概况为:生物栖息地退化、鱼类资源减少、江湖阻隔,以及流域内水污染和底泥污染。针对这些水生态问题的修复保护措施,在全流域视角下,大多以人工修复为主,并与自然修复相结合,形成人工修复促进自然修复的运行模式。最后,通过对上述内容的整理与归纳,以期为更好地修复和保护长江流域水生态环境出谋划策,积极响应长江大保护的国家需求。

A Review of Water Ecology Problems and Restoration in the Yangtze River Basin

Water ecology problems of the Yangtze River drainage basin are historic and long-standing, which have attracted wide attentions. With the enhancement of national conservation efforts and the implementation of restoration measures, the water ecological health level of Yangtze River basin has improved; yet there is still a long way to go. According to regional differences, the Yangtze River was divided into three regions: the upper reaches, the mid-lower reaches, and the estuary reach. With regards to different river regions, the water ecological problems and their corresponding restoration and conservation measures are analyzed in detail. The water ecological problems in the Yangtze River basin could be summarized as follows: habitat degradation, fish resources reduction, river-lake isolation, and water-sludge pollution. On basin level, an operation mode of artificial restoration promoting natural recovery has been adopted to improve water ecological status. Last but not the least, suggestions for better restoration and conservation of water ecological environment in the Yangtze River basin are put forward.