碳基材料吸波性能研究进展

随着雷达探测技术的迅猛发展和电磁波辐射污染的日益加剧,新型吸波材料的研究和开发成为各国研究的热点。单一吸收剂存在吸波频带窄和吸收强度低等缺点,无法满足新型吸波材料频带宽、厚度薄、质量轻、吸收强的要求。碳材料具有密度低和吸波性能好等优点,通过与其他吸收剂的双组分、多组分复合,或对复合材料的微观结构进行设计,碳系复合材料表现出优异的吸波性能。简要介绍了吸波材料的工作机理,然后分别从炭黑、碳纤维、碳纳米管、石墨烯和其他碳系材料等5个方面综述了碳系材料在电磁波吸收中的应用和发展,归纳了碳系材料吸波性能的最新研究进展,最后提出了当前研究中存在的不足并明确了研究方向。

Research Progress on Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Properties of Carbon Materials

With the rapid development of radar detection technology and increasing impact of electromagnetic radiation pollution,the research and development of new microwave absorption materials have become the hotspot in each country. A single absorbent has the disadvantages of narrow absorption bandwidth and weak absorption intensity,which cannot meet the requirements of wide bandwidth,thin thickness,light weight and strong absorption of the new microwave absorption materials.Carbon materials have the advantages of light weight and excellent microwave absorption properties. Carbon composites exhibit excellent microwave absorption properties by virtue of two-component,multi-component composites with other absorbent components,or the structure design of composites. In this paper,the application and development of carbon materials in microwave absorption field are reviewed from five aspects: carbon black,carbon fiber,carbon nanotube,graphene and other carbon materials. The recent research progress of the electromagnetic wave absorption properties of carbon materials was summarized and analyzed,and the shortcomings of the current research and the direction of further research were put forward.