长江流域河流泥沙与治河防洪研究及实践

按照河流与泥沙基本理论研究、河流水沙模拟与专题研究和长江治理与防洪实践应用3个领域,对长江流域河流泥沙与治河防洪研究及实践进行综述。①河流与泥沙基本理论研究包括河流分级、干流河道分段与河势贴体网格等河流分类及形态研究,以及泥沙分界、长江水沙变化与输沙地形对比等泥沙特性及运动研究。②河流水沙模拟与专题研究包括河流水沙模拟研究与河流水沙专题研究,河流水沙模拟研究涉及河流水沙数学模型、应用及关键技术;河流水沙专题研究列举了弯道水流基本特性及数值模拟、空腔回流区水沙特性及模型变态影响研究,以及河湖岸线洲滩利用对河湖功能影响研究。③长江治理与防洪实践应用包括重大治江工程(三峡、葛洲坝、南水北调)研究、治江重大问题研究和长江防洪实践应用3个方面。建议加强基于泥沙的河流研究、不限于河流的泥沙研究以及河流与泥沙相互影响研究,并强化河流泥沙理论研究与治河防洪实践应用之间关联研究与成果转化。

Researches and Practices on River & Sediment and River Regulation &Flood Control of the Yangtze River

Researches and practices on river & sediment and river regulation & flood control of the Yangtze River are comprehensively reviewed in terms of three aspects: theoretical researches on river & sediment, researches of river modeling and special study on flow & sediment, and practical application of river regulation & flood control. First, theoretical researches on river & sediment includes: river classification and morphology research such as stream-order gradation, river segmentation and river-regime-fitted grid, as well as sediment characteristics and movement while of demarcating grain size of river sediment, changes in runoff and sediment load, and methodological contrast between sediment budget and morphological change. Second, researches of river modeling and special study on flow & sediment consists of modeling on river flow and sediment transport and special studies on river and sediment, in which the modeling researches include development, applications and key technologies of river models, while the special studies give examples of essential features and numerical modeling of bend flow, features of cavity flow and sediment transportation and influence of physical model distortion, and impact of shoreline and island utilization on river-lake functions. Third, practical applications of river regulation & flood control comprises researches on large hydro-engineerings (e.g. Three Gorges Project, Gezhouba Project, and South-to-North Water Diversion Project), researches on major issues of river regulation, and practical application of flood control of the Yangtze River. Last but not the least, issues such as river research based on sediment, sediment research unlimited to river, and interaction between river and sediment should be enhanced, while interactive connection and achievement transformation between theoretical researches on river and sediment and practical application for river regulation and flood control should be also strengthened.