基于生态流量保障的水库综合调度方案编制及应用

广东省水库工程尤其是小型水库数量众多,水库在发挥防洪、灌溉等社会效益的同时,不可避免地会对河流的生态环境产生影响。为充分保障下游河道的生态流量,选取北江流域内的茂墩水库为例,采用Tennant法计算生态流量,并依据《中华人民共和国水法》(2016年)等法律明确了茂墩水库各功能之间的优先保障次序,采用改进的水库综合调度方案编制了茂墩水库的调度图。结果表明:改进的方法可以在保障生态流量的基础上,准确地完成供水与灌溉综合调度图的编制,同时改进的方法避免了采用相对较丰来水条件库水位的下包线来调度枯水时段的不足;在计算中剔除了加大供水时段,确定的需水量更加合理;此外,还可防止限制供水线与防破坏线交叉,避免了由此造成调度图不准确的问题。研究结果提高了时历法编制综合调度方案的实用价值。

Comprehensive Reservoir Operation Based on Ecological Runoff Assurance: Scheduling and Application

Guangdong Province boasts many reservoir projects, particularly small-scale ones which contribute greatly to flood prevention and irrigation while posing adverse impacts on the eco-environment along rivers. The objective of this research is to ensure sufficient ecological flow of downstream rivers. With Maodun Reservoir in Beijiang River Basin as a case study, we calculated the ecological flow using Tennant method and determined the priorities and sequences of operative functions of the Maodun Reservoir according to the Water Law (2016) of the People’s Republic of China and other laws, and further compiled the operation chart of Maodun Reservoir. Results showed that the improved method was able to obtain the comprehensive water supply-irrigation operation chart accurately at one stroke on the premise of guaranteeing the ecological runoff. In the meantime, the improved approach avoided disadvantages from using the lower boundary line of reservoir water level in relatively abundant incoming flow conditions as a guidance to operate in dry season. Specifically, those periods with an increased water supply were removed from calculation, rendering a more reasonable water demand. In addition, by doing this, we prevented the water supply restriction curve from crossing with the damage prevention curve, thereby avoiding the inaccuracy in the operation chart while enhancing the practical value of compiling comprehensive operation scheme with chronological series method.