综合利用低品位氧化锌矿的技术现状及研究进展

最新的十四五计划提出，我国鼓励对伴生矿、低品位矿和尾矿等矿山资源的综合利用，加强资源综合利用是改变粗放型经济增长，实现循环经济与绿色发展的重要手段。随着锌、铅等有价金属需求量的增加以及有限高品位锌矿资源的日益枯竭，综合回收利用中低品位氧化锌矿中的有价组分迫在眉睫。首先，本文从焙烧法和浸出法两个方面对低品位氧化锌矿资源综合利用的现有工艺技术原理、工艺流程及成效进行了综述性分析，提出了各项工艺在应用中存在的问题。其次，对微生物湿法冶金技术综合利用低品位氧化锌矿及含锌废料的研究现状进行简要分析。最后，对低品位氧化锌矿综合利用的前景进行了展望：微生物湿法冶金技术尤其是微生物-化学联合工艺技术，因其具有既能实现有价组分的高效回收，又能实现经济效益、绿色环保双赢的特点，将是未来研究的重点方向。

Present Situation and Research Progress of Comprehensive Utilization of Low Grade Zinc Oxide Ore

According to the latest 14th Five-Year Plan, China encourages the comprehensive utilization of mining resources such as associated ore, low-grade ore and tailings. Strengthening the comprehensive utilization of resources is an important means to change the extensive economic growth and realize the circular economy and green development. With the increasing demand for valuable metals such as zinc and lead and the depletion of limited high-grade zinc ore resources, it is urgent to comprehensively recover and utilize the valuable components of middle and low grade zinc oxide ore. In this paper, the existing technology principle, process flow and effect of the comprehensive utilization of low grade zinc oxide ore resources are summarized and analyzed from two aspects of roasting method and leaching method, and the problems existing in the application of each process are put forward. Secondly, the research status of comprehensive utilization of low grade zinc oxide ore and zinc containing waste by microbial hydrometallurgical technology is briefly analyzed. Finally, the prospect of the comprehensive utilization of low grade zinc oxide ore is prospected: the microbial hydrometallurgy technology, especially the microbial and chemical combined process technology, will be the focus of future research because of its characteristics of not only realizing the efficient recovery of valuable components, but also realizing the win-win of economic benefits and environmental protection.