柑橘中类柠檬苦素的提取、分离纯化及检测技术研究进展

柑橘是世界第一大类水果,每年有大量的柑橘加工副产品产生,这些副产品中含有丰富的类柠檬苦素化合物,具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗病毒等多种生理作用,已被应用于食品、医药和农业等领域。开发高效的类柠檬苦素提取、分离纯化技术,研发快速的类柠檬苦素分析检测方法,有着重要的理论和实践价值。本文介绍了柑橘中类柠檬苦素结构特征及含量,重点综述了类柠檬苦素的提取、分离纯化及检测技术。总结发现新兴技术如超声辅助、超临界流体提取类柠檬苦素的提取效率较好,联合应用大孔树脂吸附、高速逆流色谱、制备型高效液相色谱法分离效果好。在检测技术方面,液相色谱是柑橘中类柠檬苦素使用最广泛的分析方法,可以准确检测出柑橘中所含类柠檬苦素的种类和含量,但高效、绿色、快速的前处理技术和便捷、高通量的检测技术还有待开发。本文为柑橘中类柠檬苦素的深入研究和综合开发利用提供参考,为促进柑橘副产物资源的利用提供依据。

Research Progress on Extraction,Separation, Purification and Detection Technology of Limonins in Citrus

Citrus is the largest fruit in the world, and a large number of citrus processing by-products are produced every year. These by-products are rich in limonoids, which have many physiological functions such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and anti-virus, and have been used in food, medicine and agriculture. It is of great theoretical and practical value to develop efficient extraction, separation and purification technology of limonoids, and to develop rapid analysis and detection methods of limonoids. In this article, the structural characteristics and content of limonoids in citrus are introduced, and the extraction, separation, purification and detection techniques of limonoids are emphatically summarized. It is found that emerging technologies such as ultrasonic-assisted and supercritical fluid extraction has better extraction efficiency, and the combination of macroporous resin adsorption, high-speed countercurrent chromatography and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography has better separation effect. In terms of detection technology, liquid chromatography is the most widely used analytical method for limonoids in citrus, which can accurately detect the types and contents of limonoids in citrus. However, efficient, green and rapid pretreatment technology and convenient and high-throughput detection technology need to be developed. This paper would provide a reference for the in-depth research and comprehensive development and utilization of limonoids in citrus, and provide a basis for promoting the utilization of citrus by-product resources.