审视中国的城市蔓延——兼对我国城市建设用地控制标准的回顾

本文回顾了我国半个多世纪以来城市发展历程,特别对 1990 年制定的旨在控制城市过度扩张的国家标准《城市用地分类与规划建设用地标准》进行了详细的介绍。文章通过有关人均城市规划建设用地的数据变化来衡量《国标》对控制我国城市扩张的效力,并提出了国标在运行中的诸多问题。在这些问题中,文章提出了《国标》出现失效的核心问题是各级政府在土地问题上的博弈。地方政府希望在快速城市化的过程中从土地上获取财政利益,而中央政府则希望通过一系列的政策来保障耕地的安全。本文通过数据分析及 GIS 技术描述了我国近 20 年来各地城市的人均用地扩张情况,并以此来说明现行的城市建设用地控制体系的失效。通过数据分析和论述,本文提出了城市建设用地标准修订的客观要求。

On Urban Sprawl in China: A Review of Chinese Urban Construction Land Standard

The paper reviews Chinese policy on urban development during the last half century , especially the national standards which was enacted in 1990, on urban land use classification and planning and construction standards for land, which were designed to control urban excessive expansion. Through the data analysis on urban planning and construction lands, the paper measures the "GB" on the effectiveness of management on urban expansion, meanwhile the problems in the operation as well. On these issues, this paper proposes that the core issue of current "GB" is the central government and local governments in the game on the land issue. The local governments hope to obtain the financial benefits from the land releasing during the rapid urbanization, while the central government needs to secure the arable land. The paper uses data analysis and GIS technology of Chinese cities for nearly 20 years, in order to explain the failures of the control system of the present urban construction land. Through data analysis and discussion, the paper indicates the objective requirements of revising the standard.