2011—2020年W市市售水产品中4种违禁渔药污染状况及暴露风险评估

目的 分析2011～2020年W市市售水产品中四种违禁渔药污染状况及评估其暴露风险。方法 分析比较四种违禁渔药在水产品中的检出率,通过软件模拟10000次得到其暴露量概率密度图,并用暴露限值评估暴露风险。结果 十年总检出率为8.6%,每年度检出率在1.2%～15.3%之间,2019年和2020年检出率较低;四种违禁渔药检出率在0.18%～6.8%之间,孔雀石绿最高,其次为硝基呋喃和氯霉素,而结晶紫最低;四种违禁渔药的平均暴露限值（P50）和95%暴露限值（P95）均大于500000,极端暴露限值则均在5000～500000之间。结论 W市民食用大部分水产品对身体健康危害很低,但极端情况下可能会产生潜在危害,需注意风险防范;2014年的专项整治效果昙花一现,经2017年再次整治后四种渔药检出率从2018年至2020年呈明显下降趋势,望有关部门保持监管力度,巩固成果。

Pollution status and exposure risk assessment of 4 kinds of prohibited fishery drugs in aquatic products sold in W city from 2011 to 2020

Objective To analyze the pollution status of four prohibited fishery drugs and evaluate exposure risk in aquatic products sold in W city from 2011 to 2020. Methods To compare the detection rate of four prohibited fishery drugs in aquatic products, obtain the probability density diagram of exposure by using software to simulate 10,000 times, and assess the exposure risk by Margin of Exposure(MOE). Results The total detection rate of 10 years was 8.6%, the annual detection ratse ranged from 1.2% to 15.3%, and the detection rate was lower in 2019 and 2020; the detection rates of four prohibited fishery drugs ranged from 0.18% to 6.8%, malachite green was the highest, followed by nitrofuran and chloramphenicol, and crystal violet was the lowest; the mean MOE (P50) and 95% MOE (P95) of four prohibited fishery drugs were all more than 500,000, and the extreme MOE all ranged from 5000 to 500000. Conclusion the most aquatic products consumed by W citizens is not harmful to their health, but it may cause potential harm in extreme cases, so it is necessary to pay attention to risk preventiont; the special rectification effect in 2014 was short-lived, and the detection rate of the four fishery drugs showed a significant downward trend from 2018 to 2020 after the re-rectification in 2017, hope the relevant departments can maintain supervision and consolidate the achievements.