碳达峰、碳中和目标下中国核能发展路径分析

在碳达峰、碳中和目标下（简称“双碳”目标），中国能源系统将继续加快清洁低碳转型。核能具有生产过程不排放温室气体、全寿期碳排放量小、能量密度高、无间歇性等优点，可通过规模替代化石能源助力能源系统转型。通过梳理中国能源系统现状和核能发展基础，总结多方研究给出的能源发展目标，分析核能在发电、制氢、区域供热、海水淡化等领域的发展机遇，量化分解出阶段性发展子目标并匹配相应技术路线，总结提出核能行业发展路径，指出下一步工作重点为重塑核能在能源系统中的定位、坚持创新驱动发展、坚持与经济社会协调发展等，提出并讨论安全和公众接受性、经济性、灵活性等需要关注问题，为推动核能行业高质量发展提供政策建议。

Analysis on China's Nuclear Energy Development Path under the Goal of Peaking Carbon Emissions and Achieving Carbon Neutrality

China's energy system will continue to speed up the clean and low-carbon transformation under the goal of peaking carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality (the dual-carbon target). Nuclear energy has the advantages of zero-emission of greenhouse gases in the production process, low carbon emission during the whole life cycle, high energy density and non-intermittency, and can help realize the transition of energy system through large-scale replacement of fossil energy. Based on an investigation of the current situation of China's energy system and the foundation of nuclear energy development, this paper summarizes the energy development goals proposed by various researches. Then an analysis is made of the development opportunities of nuclear energy in the fields of power generation, hydrogen production, district heating and water desalination, and the staged development objectives and the corresponding techniques are proposed. Furthermore, the development path of nuclear energy industry is discussed, and it is pointed out that the focus of future work should be on reposition of nuclear energy in the whole energy system, insisting on innovation-driven development, and adhering to the coordinated development of economic society. In the end, the issues that attention should be paid to are discussed, including safety and public acceptability, economy and flexibility, and some policy suggestions are proposed for the high quality development of nuclear energy industry.