CO2地质封存深部地下空间利用管理法规探讨

深部咸水层CO₂地质封存是实现温室气体减排、应对气候变化的重要支撑技术之一。CO₂在地下的长期有效封存,需要直接占用深部地质体及其孔隙空间。这些深部地下空间也是未来社会发展的一种重要国土资源,需要制定相关的审批与监管法规来规范其科学开发利用。总结发达国家或地区管理现状与经验,参考已有参考矿产、油气资源勘查开发等经验,提出适用于我国的CO₂地质封存地下空间勘查利用审批与管理流程,以及地下空间利用与CO₂确权、场地选址勘查备案、勘查试注审批、地下空间利用权审批、封场审批与责任转移5个重要内容;同时,进一步建立了综合CO₂羽流、扰动边界和经济性“三级边界”的地下空间利用评估概念模型,以及各类边界的确定方法,能够为我国CO₂地质封存地下空间开发利用的政策制定与开发利用提供参考。

Management on Developing Deep Underground Space for CO2 Geological Storage

CO₂geological storage in deep saline aquifers has been considered to be one of important technologies to mitigate global climate change,which is essentially equivalent to find some suitable reservoirs underground for CO₂injection and storage for a very long time.Deep underground spaces are important natural resource for social development in the future.It is necessary to enact laws or regulations to manage the underground spaces development for CO₂geological storage in deep saline aquifers.In this paper,we summarized the experience of management on CO₂geological storage in some developed countries and areas.Based on the study of geological mechanism of CO₂geological storage,we suggested approval and management process,and also five key technical parts which should be paid more attention by Ministry of Natural Resources,including confirmation of underground space utilization and CO₂,site selection and exploration,injection test,approval of underground space utilization,impact on important resources,site closure and shifting responsibility.Meanwhile,we proposed the conceptual model of evaluation on underground spaces utilization of CO₂geological storage projects considering CO₂plume,perturbation boundary and economic condition,and related detection technologies.Our research could provide references for the scientific planning and policy enacting of management on developing underground space as resources in the future.