3-Dimensional rotational X-ray imaging, 3D-RX: image quality and patient dose simulation for optimisation studies

We have developed a full-scale simulation model as a tool for X-ray system design, image quality optimisation and patient dose reduction. The model supports the (de-)composition of system level requirements and takes inherent care of the prerequisite mutual coherence between component requirements. Furthermore, the model is equipped with several types of automatic X-ray control loop simulations. All relevant patient dose and image quality items are calculated, such as contrast, sharpness, lag and noise and finally combined in 'IQ figures of merit'. The short calculation times realised enable comprehensive multi-parameter optimisation studies. Initially, the IQ model dealt with the performance of 'flat' projection X-ray systems referred to as two-dimensional (2D). Nowadays, 2D X-ray systems are increasingly used for three-dimensional rotational X-ray imaging (3D-RX). An additional 3D-RX module, dealing with patient dose as well as image quality, will simplify and accelerate specific 3D-RX optimisations concerning, e.g. exposure factors, dose control concepts and image processing algorithms.