面向需求响应的变频空调负荷建模与运行控制

近年来,空调类电力用户数量迅速增加,成为了电网高峰负荷的主要组成部分。空调负荷作为典型柔性负荷,可利用其热惯性参与需求响应,为电网提供有效可调容量。区别于有关定频空调的研究,基于变频空调的负荷特性构建其物理模型,从控制后总功率和最大控制时长两个维度对变频空调集群的调节潜力进行评估。在此基础上,根据变频空调负荷聚合商在需求响应日前市场的成交量,以变频空调集群功率削减量与成交量偏差以及用户舒适度变化量最小化为目标,提出了基于双层分组轮控的变频空调负荷优化控制策略。仿真结果表明,所提策略不仅能够通过分组轮控延长变频空调集群最大控制时长,还具有良好的用户友好性,对于变频空调集群参与电网需求响应具有指导意义。

Inverter air conditioner load modeling and operational control for demand response

In recent years, the number of air conditioner users has increased rapidly, becoming a major component of the peak load in a power system. As a typically flexible load, air conditioners can participate in demand response and provide efficient adjustable capacity to the grid because of their thermal inertia. In contrast to the studies on fixed-frequency air conditioners, this paper constructs a physical model of inverter air conditioners based on their load characteristics and evaluates their flexibility potential from two perspectives, including total power after control and maximum control time. From the trading volume of inverter air conditioner aggregators in the day-ahead market for demand response, an optimal load control strategy for inverter air conditioners based on bi-level group rotation control is proposed. The strategy is aimed at minimizing the deviation between the power reduction of the inverter air conditioner cluster and the trading volume, while minimizing the change of user comfort. Simulation results show that the strategy proposed in this paper can not only extend the maximum control time through rotation control, but also is user-friendly, such that it is of guiding significance for the inverter air conditioner cluster participating in the demand response of the power grid. This work is supported by the High-tech R & D Program of China (863 Program) (No. 2015AA050401) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51577029).