微生物驱油技术的研究进展与应用前景

微生物驱采油技术主要分为两种类型——第一类是把细菌代谢物（又称外源微生物）作为驱油剂注入地层；第二类是直接在地层中有目的地培养和发展微生物（又称内源微生物），形成具有驱油特性的细菌代谢物。叙述了两种技术类型的下艺特点及微生物驱适用的油藏地质条件．同时介绍了国内外微生物驱油技术的研究与应用现状。国内各油田已开展微生物采油先导性试验约2000井次，有些地区已进入推广应用阶段，微生物采油技术成本低、采收率增值高，同时由于其本身所具有的绿色环保优势．必将成为老油田提高采收率的新途径。

Advances in Researching the Techniques of Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery and Their Application Prospects

There are two main types of techniques of microbial enhanced oil recovery （MEOR）.One involves injection of microbial metabolic products （also known as alloehthonons microorganism） into a reservoir as an oil-displacement agent,and the other is directly to culture and develop microbes in a reservoir （also known as endogenous microorganism） , in order to create microbial metabolic products that can displace oil.The process features of those two types and their adaptable reservoir conditions are described,with the situation of MEOR research and application at home and abroad introduced.In China,about 2000 pilot projects of MEOR have been implemented,and those techniques are promoted and applied in some areas.MEOR will surely become a new way to enhance recovery in mature oilfields,due to its low cost,high recovery enhancement and inherent advantages of environment protection.