云南5种杂交肉牛产肉性能及胴体品质评价

选择17 月龄、在相同饲养条件下经120 d短期育肥的西本杂、短本杂、安本杂、云岭杂（西门塔尔牛、短角牛、安格斯牛、云岭牛与本地黄牛的杂交F1代）及纯种云岭牛公牛各3 头，开展屠宰性能测定及胴体品质评价。结果表明：云岭牛、云岭杂、安本杂、短本杂和西本杂屠宰率分别为60.60%、61.04%、62.02%、61.79%和61.66%，净肉率分别为47.63%、47.66%、50.21%、48.30%和48.35%，胴体产肉率分别为75.62%、74.30%、80.93%、76.88%和76.48%，各组屠宰率无显著差异，安本杂净肉率最高，显著高于云岭牛和云岭杂（P＜0.05），但与短本杂、西本杂差异不显著，其他各组净肉率无显著差异；安本杂脂肪率明显低于其他组，胴体骨率显著低于云岭杂、短本杂和西本杂（P＜0.05），与云岭牛无显著差异；特级肉块所占比例以西本杂最高、云岭杂最低，高档肉块所占比例以短本杂最高、安本杂最低，优质肉块所占比例以西本杂最高、云岭杂最低。

Evaluation of Meat Production Performance and Carcass Quality of Five Hybrid Beef Cattle Breeds in Yunnan

In this study, the first generation (F1) male offspring of Simmental × Yunnan yellow cattle, Shorthorn × Yunnan yellow cattle, Angus × Yunnan yellow cattle and Yunling × Yunnan yellow cattle and male Yunling cattle (n = 3 each) fattened for 120 days under the same feeding condition to 17 months of age were selected for slaughter performance test and carcass quality evaluation. The results showed that the dressing percentages of Yunling cattle, Yunling × Yunnan yellow cattle, Angus × Yunnan yellow cattle, Shorthorn × Yunnan yellow cattle and Simmental × Yunnan yellow cattle were 60.60%, 61.04%, 62.02%, 61.79% and 61.66%, respectively, the net meat percentages were 47.63%, 47.66%, 50.21%, 48.30% and 48.35%, respectively, and the carcass meat percentages were 75.62%, 74.30%, 80.93%, 76.88% and 76.48%, respectively. There was no significant difference in dressing percentage among all breeds. The net meat percentage of Angus × Yunnan yellow cattle was the highest, which was significantly higher than that of Yunling cattle and Yunling × Yunnan yellow cattle (P < 0.05), but not significantly different from Shorthorn or Simmental × Yunnan yellow cattle. Likewise, there was no significant difference in net meat percentage among the other four breeds. The carcass fat percentage of Angus × Yunnan yellow cattle was significantly lower than that of all other breeds, and the carcass bone percentage was significantly lower than that of Yunling × Yunnan yellow cattle, Shorthorn × Yunnan yellow cattle and Simmental × Yunnan yellow cattle (P < 0.05), but not significantly different from that of Yunling cattle. The proportion of superfine meat was the highest in Simmental × Yunnan yellow cattle and the lowest in Yunling × Yunnan yellow cattle; the proportion of high-grade meat was the highest in Shorthorn × Yunnan yellow cattle and the lowest in Angus × Yunnan yellow cattle; the proportion of highquality meat was the highest in Simmental × Yunnan yellow cattle and the lowest in Yunling × Yunnan yellow cattle.