Quality of Biodiesel Prepared from Phorbol Ester Extracted <Emphasis Type="Italic">Jatropha curcas</Emphasis> Oil |
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Authors: | Rakshit Kodekalra Devappa Jeroen Maes Harinder Paul Singh Makkar Wim De Greyt Klaus Becker |
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Affiliation: | (1) Institute for Animal Production in the Tropics and Subtropics (480b), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany;(2) Desmet-Ballestra Group, Minervastraat 1, 1930 Zaventem, Belgium; |
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Abstract: | Jatropha curcas seeds are rich in oil (28–32%), which can be converted to high quality biodiesel. The oil is non-edible due to the presence
of toxic compounds, namely, phorbol esters (PEs). PEs have a number of agricultural/medicinal/pharmaceutical applications
and hence their recovery generates a value added co-product towards the biodiesel production chain. This study aims to assess
the effects of PE extraction on quality of both the residual oil and the biodiesel production from it. Two Approaches (1,
use of an Ultra-turrax; and 2, use of a magnetic stirrer) were used with an effective treatment time of 2 and 5 min, resulting
in 80 and 78% extraction of PEs, respectively. The phosphorus content was reduced by 70.2 and 75.8%, free fatty acids by 55.3
and 55.6%, and the fatty acid composition did not change in the residual oils. The peroxide value increased from 2.69 (untreated
oil) to 3.01 and 3.49 mequiv O2/kg in the residual oils following Approach 1 and Approach 2, respectively. The biodiesel prepared from both residual oils
met European (EN 14214:2008) and American biodiesel standard (ASTM D6751-09) specifications. Oxidative stability indices for
both the biodiesels were well within the permitted limit. It is concluded that PEs could be isolated in active forms for various
applications by either of the two methods with a high yield and the residual oil can be processed to produce high quality
biodiesel. |
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