Effect of Nb on the high-temperature sulfidation behavior of cobalt |
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Authors: | B Gleeson D L Douglass F Gesmundo |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, 90024-1595 Los Angeles, California;(2) Istituto di Chimica, Facolta di Ingegneria, Universita di Genova, 16129 Genova, Italy |
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Abstract: | The sulfidation behavior of Co-Nb alloys containing up to 30wt.% Nb was studied in sulfur vapor at a pressure of 0.01 atm in the temperature range of 600–700°C. Increasing niobium content decreased the sulfidation rate, following the parabolic rate law. An activation energy of 25.6 kcal/mole was obtained for Co-10Nb, Co-20Nb, and Co-25Nb, while a value of 20.5 kcal/mole was found for Co-30Nb. All were two-phase alloys, consisting of solid solution -Co and the intermetallic compound, NbCo3. The two-phase alloys formed a rather thick outer layer of cobalt sulfides and a heterophasic inner layer that was complex. The inner layer always contained the mixed sulfide CoNb2S4 which, depending on the alloy composition, coexisted with cobalt sulfide, NbS2, and / or NbCo3 particles. Short-time sulfidations showed that the solid solution initially sulfidized rapidly to form nodules of cobalt sulfide, whereas the NbCo3 phase formed a thin protective layer of NbS2. The nodules grew laterally until they coalesced into the continuous, outer thick layer, while the NbS2 completely or partially reacted with the cobalt sulfide to form CoNb2S4. Platinum markers were always found at the interface between the inner and outer scales, the location of the original metal surface. |
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Keywords: | sulfidation duplex scale heterophasic inner layer NbS2 CoNb2S4 |
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