核壳结构材料的制备及其应用

核壳材料可以通过不同的包覆技术进行制备，其在许多方面的性能优于普通材料。包覆技术可以对内核微粒表面性质进行剪裁，如改变内核表面电荷、官能团和反应特性等，从而提高内核的分散性与稳定性。同时，核壳材料还具有组成种类多、形貌多样、组分间具有协同效应等特点，已被广泛用于生物质能利用催化剂、新型储能材料、光电材料等新能源领域。本文综述了多种核壳材料的制备方法，总结了核壳结构材料的发展现状，归纳了应用过程中存在的问题，并对核壳结构材料的进一步研究方向——向着微观操纵方向发展和达到性能可控的目的进行了展望。

The Preparation and Application of Core-Shell Structure Materials

Core-shell materials can be prepared by different coating technologies. Their performance is superior to the ordinary materials in many ways. The particle surface can be tailored to improve the dispersity and stability of the core through changing charges, varying functional groups and altering reactivity. At the same time, core-shell materials can combine various components and possess the characteristic of diverse morphology. Also, synergistic effect between different components can be existed. These features make them widely used as the excellent catalyst for biomass conversion, the novel high energy storage material and photoelectric materials in new energy area. In this paper, current technologies for the preparation and application of this kind of materials were summarized. The potential problems in the applications of core-shell structure materials were also reviewed. Furthermore, based on the knowledge of current technologies, pertinent suggestions for the future preparation and application of these novel and efficient materials were proposed as well.