丽江古城适应水文环境的生态智慧研究

通过对中国典型山地水城和世界文化遗产丽江古城相关历史文献、历史地图的整理，以及对丽江古城的土地利用、建筑群落、景观环境等实地调查获得相关城市空间和水系图纸的分析上，分别从古城选址、规划、空间格局和视觉美、防洪技术等方面探索了丽江古城建设与水文环境的关系。丽江古城“逐水而居”选址和“理水而兴”规划，形成了丰富的空间形态和场所：景观元素与聚落的特定场景联系在一起，形成“水城相融”的视觉美；护水、循环用水、防洪等与自然相适应的水利技术贯彻城市基础工程。这些蕴含了丰富的城市形态适应水文环境的生态智慧，表现在城市选址充分利用了水系资源，城市与水系实现了空间布局、功能过程的协同发展、城市工程方面主动与被动相结合，发挥水文环境的长处，规避短处。值得当今城市规划建设所关注和借鉴。

The Eco-wisdom of Urban Form Adaptability to hydrology in Lijiang Old Town

Based on the urban historical map and historical document of Lijiang old town, a typical mountain water town of China, known as the ＂world cultural heritage＂, and the survey the land-use, building group and landscape environment of the town, this paper analyzes the drawings of the space layout and water system and the relationship between ancient city construction and hydrological environment of Lijiang on five aspects respectively, i.e. location planning, city planning, city spatial pattern, the beauty of visualization and environmental technology in the ancient city. The study shows that the location planning has created various spatial forms and places; landscape elements and the unique scene of human settlement are connected together to form a visual beauty of the sense ＂water and city binding together＂; urban infrastructures such as water conservation, recycled utilization of water and flood control are covered throughout the city. The eco-wisdom in the hydrological environment of the city lies on the utilization of water resource when locating sites, the realization of the co-development of spatial layout and functioning process between city and water, the combination of initiative and passivity of city engineer projects, and the complete development of the advantages of hydrological environment, which is referential to the urban planning and construction today.