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Temperature and time dependence of conductive network formation: Dynamic percolation and percolation time |
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| Authors: | Cheng Zhang Ping Wang Guozhang Wu |
| Affiliation: | a State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China b College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China c Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-2-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan |
| Abstract: | Temperature and time dependence of conductive network formation in vapor-grown carbon fiber (VGCF) filled high-density polyethylene (HDPE)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), VGCF and ketjenblack (KB) filled HDPE/isotactic polypropylene (iPP) blends have been investigated. It is found that the filled conductive polymer composites are thermodynamically non-equilibrium systems, in which the conductive network formation is temperature and time dependent, a concept named as dynamic percolation is proposed. When the composites are annealed at a temperature above the melt point of polymer matrix, the dynamic process of conductive network formation can be monitored in a real time way. Such an in situ characterization method provides more interesting information about the dispersion of conductive particles in the polymer matrix. Furthermore, a thermodynamic percolation model is modified to predict the percolation time for VGCF and KB filled HDPE/iPP multi-phase systems during the annealing treatment, and it expresses experimental results well. |
| Keywords: | Conductive network Electrical resistivity Percolation |
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