基于改进层次分析法的航道生态性评价研究

针对传统层次分析法中存在繁琐计算的可能性及容易出现严重的不一致性这两个问题，综合考虑了最优传递矩阵和“三标度法”的优点，形成改进的层次分析法。参考现有研究基础，构建航道生态性评价体系。评价体系由1个目标、6个准则和17个指标构成。以长江中游荆江航道为例，对荆江航道整治工程前后的2011年和2015年进行评价与对比，得出:荆江航道的健康程度（Channel Health Index，I_CH）由2011年的“良好”（I_CH=3.432）上升为2015年的“优秀”（I_CH=4.187），整治工程前后荆江航道生态性有了显著改善。按照健康指数提升的成因划分，将准则层下的6个功能归为4类影响因素；采用改进层次分析法与用传统层次分析法计算得出的结果相对偏差为0.94%（2011年）和0.40%（2015年），在简化构造比较矩阵的评判标度和优化矩阵一致性的同时确保了计算结果的准确性。

Ecological evaluation of waterway based on improved analytic hierarchy process

The traditional analytic hierarchy process shows the problem of the possibility of cumbersome calculation and serious inconsistency. Aiming at that, we comprehensively consider the advantages of the optimal transfer matrix and the "three-scale method" to establish an improved analytic hierarchy process. A waterway ecological evaluation system, which consisted of 1 target, 6 criteria, and 17 indicators, was constructed with reference to the basis of existing research. Taking the Jingjiang Reach of the Yangtze River as an example, we evaluated and compared the situation of the waterway regulation works in 2011 (before regulation) and 2015 (after regulation) and concluded that the Channel Health Index (I_CH) increased from “good” (in 2011 with I_CH=3.432) to “excellent” (in 2015 with I_CH=4.187). The ecology of the Jingjiang Channel exhibited significant improvement after the waterway regulation works. The 6 functions under the criterion level are classified into 4 types of influencing factors, according to the reasons for the increase of the health index. The relative deviations of the results calculated by the improved analytic hierarchy process and the traditional analytic hierarchy process are 0.94% (2011) and 0.40% (2015), respectively, which means that the improved analytic hierarchy process simplifies the evaluation scale of the comparison matrix and optimizes the consistency of the matrix while ensuring the accuracy of the calculation results.