GIS多源数据图层叠置法研究山东省干旱分区

为揭示山东省干旱孕灾环境的自然背景和干旱空间分布格局，通过基于GIS的图层叠置方法对山东省干旱分布进行区域划分。首先根据山东省干旱成因选取降水量、土壤含水量、植被指数NDVI和气温4个干旱因子进行GIS栅格数据处理，得到相应的干旱因子图层；然后利用层次分析法确定各干旱因子的权重，把上述归一化后的4个干旱因子图层进行加权叠置，得到综合干旱因子图；最后，将综合干旱因子图与山东省高程分布图层进行叠加，得到山东省5个干旱分区，即鲁西北平原北部的农业重旱区、鲁西北平原的南部和胶莱平原农业轻旱区、胶东半岛较湿润区、鲁中南山地丘陵湿润区、山东南部沿海区域的平原湿润区，并提出了各分区的适宜干旱指标。该研究可为山东省干旱监测预警提供孕灾环境方面的理论支撑。

Study on drought zoning in Shandong Province based on GIS multi-source data layer overlapping method

In order to reveal the natural background and spatial distribution pattern of drought-hatching environment in Shandong Province, the distribution of regional drought conditions in Shandong Province is divided by the method of GIS map cascade. Firstly, according to the causes of drought in Shandong Province, four drought factors, namely precipitation, soil moisture content, vegetation index NDVI and air temperature, were selected for GIS grid data processing to obtain corresponding drought factor layers. Then, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to determine the weight of each drought factor, and the four normalized drought factor layers were weighted and stacked to obtain a comprehensive drought factor map. Finally, the comprehensive drought factors diagram was overlayed with Shandong elevation distribution layer to get five drought areas of Shandong Province: the agricultural area in the northwest plain of Shandong Province is a heavy drought area, the southern part of northwest plain and Jiaolai plain are light arid regions, Shandong peninsula is a relatively humid wet area, the hilly and mountainous area in the south-central of Shandong Province and the southern Shandong coastal plain area are wet areas, and to put forward the suitable drought index of each partition. This study can provide technological support for drought monitoring and early warning in Shandong Province.