236名铀矿工染色体畸变及外周血象的初步研究

为研究铀矿工染色体畸变及外周血象的变化,采集236名从事铀矿工作人员(矿工组)和64名无射线接触健康人员(对照组)的外周血,采用血常规检测及微量全血培养法进行淋巴细胞染色体畸变分析。结果发现:矿工组染色体型畸变率0.16%、染色单体型畸变率0.20%、总畸变率0.36%、畸变细胞率0.30%,明显高于对照组(0.02%、0.06%、0.08%、0.08%),差异有统计学意义(u=2.80,p<0.01;u=2.40,p<0.05;u=3.60,p<0.01;χ2=9.88,p<0.01)。外周血象比较,矿工组外周血象均在正常范围内,但白细胞计数(WBC)、红细胞计数(RBC)、血小板(PLT)均低于对照组,与对照组比较,PLT差异有统计学意义(p<0.01),WBC、RBC无统计学意义(P>0.05);矿工组血象异常发生率与对照组比较,RBC差异有统计学意义(p<0.05),WBC、PLT差异无统计学意义(p>0.05)。由此可见,铀矿工人长期接触电离辐射后引起染色体畸变率升高,在放射职业健康检查中染色体畸变检查较一般血液学指标敏感且"预警"作用明显。

Preliminary study on chromosome aberration and hemogram variation in 236 uranium miners

To investigate the difference of chromosome aberration and peripheral hemogram between uranium miners and healthy adults,64 healthy peoples（control group） and 236 uranium miners（miners group） volunteered to take part in the investigation.The peripheral blood lymphocyte chromosome aberration and peripheral hemogram were analyzed by micro whole blood culture method and blood cell analyzer,respectively.The result show that chromosome-tape aberrations rate,chromatid-tape aberrations,total aberrations rate,and the aberrant cells rate in miners group were 0.16%,0.20%,0.36% and 0.30%,respectively,whereas these index in control group were 0.02%,0.06%,0.08%,and 0.08%,respectively.There is statistically significant difference between miners group and control group（u=2.80,p0.01;u=2.40,p0.05;u=3.60,p0.01;χ2=9.88,p0.01）.There is significant difference in the counts of PLT between miners group and control group（160.53±41.74 vs.218.04±34.98,109/L,p0.01）,whereas no significant difference in the counts of WBC and RBC（WBC： 6.63±1.58 vs.6.89±1.69,109/L;RBC： 4.95±0.53 vs.4.98±0.47,1012/L,p0.05）.And there is significant difference in the abnormal rates of RBC between miners group and control group（11.02% vs.0%,p0.05）.In conclusion,Owing to the effect of the radiation,the chromosome aberration rate of uranium miners has been increased.The analysis of chromosome aberration of peripheral blood lym-phocytes is more sensitive than that of peripheral hemogram index in the occupational health examination for radio-logical workers.