Influence of malt on the xanthohumol and isoxanthohumol behavior in pale and dark beers: A micro-scale approach |
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Authors: | Paulo J MagalhãesSuzete M Almeida Ana M CarvalhoLuís M Gonçalves João G PachecoJosé M Cruz Luís F GuidoAquiles A Barros |
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Affiliation: | a Requimte, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugalb iBeSa, Instituto de Bebidas e Saúde, Apartado 1044, 4466-955 S. Mamede de Infesta, Portugal |
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Abstract: | The main objective of this work was to understand which compounds are responsible for the partial inhibition of xanthohumol (XN) thermal isomerization during wort boiling of dark malts. With such purpose, worts from different kinds of malt (pale, caramel and roasted) were chemically characterized (e.g. antioxidant activity, polyphenols and melanoidins contents) and studied by several chromatographic techniques. Molecular exclusion chromatography experiments showed that adsorption of XN to polyvinylpolypyrrolidone is lower for the high molecular weight fractions. It seems likely that this is due to the reaction between XN and coloured substances that changes chemical properties of XN or, at least, results in the formation of complexes that have different chemical properties. This leads to an inhibition of XN isomerization observed in this work. It was also verified that the melanoidins content was significantly higher in the higher molecular weight fractions, suggesting that probably these compounds are the main responsible for the XN isomerization inhibiting effect. |
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Keywords: | ARP antiradical power CE catechin equivalent DAD diode array detection EBC European Brewing Convention ESI-MS/MS tandem mass spectrometry using electrospray ionization FC Folin-Ciocalteau FRP ferricyanide reducing power GAE gallic acid equivalent GPC gel permeation chromatography HMW high molecular weight HPLC high-performance liquid chromatography IXN isoxanthohumol LMW low molecular weight MLD melanoidins PVPP polyvinylpolypyrrolidone QE quercetin equivalent SEC size exclusion chromatography TPC total phenolic content XN xanthohumol |
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