Forest biomass waste combustion in a pilot-scale bubbling fluidised bed combustor

Combustion experiments of forest biomass waste in a pilot-scale bubbling fluidised bed combustor were performed under the following conditions: i) bed temperature in the range 750-800 °C, ii) excess air in the range 10-100%, and iii) air staging (80% primary air and 20% secondary air). Longitudinal pressure, temperature and gas composition profiles along the reactor were obtained.The combustion progress along the reactor, here defined as the biomass carbon conversion to CO₂, was calculated based on the measured CO₂ concentration at several locations. It was found that 75-80% of the biomass carbon was converted to CO₂ in the region located below the freeboard first centimetres, that is, the region that includes the bed and the splash zone.Based on the CO₂ and NO concentrations in the exit flue gas, it was found that the overall biomass carbon conversion to CO₂ was in the range 97.2-99.3%, indicating high combustion efficiency, whereas the biomass nitrogen conversion to NO was lower than 8%.Concerning the Portuguese regulation about gaseous emissions from industrial biomass combustion, namely, the accomplishment of CO, NO and volatile organic compounds (VOC) (expressed as carbon) emission limits, the set of adequate operating conditions includes bed temperatures in the range 750°C-800 °C, excess air levels in the range 20%-60%, and air staging with secondary air accounting for 20% of total combustion air.