淀粉基木材胶黏剂研究现状与展望

利用廉价的淀粉开发高性能的木材胶黏剂是人类永久的梦.但是传统的淀粉胶黏剂不能用于木材的黏结.早期的淀粉基木材胶黏剂研究是将淀粉在强烈的反应条件下转化为低分子物质来充当酚醛胶的填料.而目前的发展趋势是既要考虑充分利用淀粉的大分子特性,避免过度降解,又要能够向淀粉链中引入足够的均匀分布的化学键,使其与氢键的弱化学作用力有效配合,达到木材胶黏剂耐水的要求.双醛淀粉树脂胶;淀粉、聚乙烯醇和六甲氧甲基三聚氰胺共混胶;淀粉氧化降解接枝改性聚氨酯型胶等都是这类努力的代表性工作.我们的研究结果表明,淀粉经常压快速液化可以制备高活性的多羟基化合物.利用淀粉基多羟基化合物与多元酸（酐）聚合成功地制备了新型聚酯型的木材胶黏剂,成本与酚醛树脂相当,但其施胶量仅为酚醛树脂的1/3～1/2,可以用于高耐水性胶合板的生产.

Research Situation of Starch Based Wood Adhesives

Deriving high performance wood adhesives from the renewable and abundant natural polysaccharide-starch is the forever dream of mankind.Traditional starch based glues are not at all suitable to wood adhesion due to their water sensitiveness.Earlier studies mainly considering converse the starch under intense conditions to reactive low molecular components like HMF(hydroxymethylfurfural),levulinic acid which can serve as the filler for phenol-formaldehyde resins.Most of the researchers today are trying to make the full use of the macromolecular chains of the starch and to introduce strong chemical bonds evenly distributing on the chains simultaneously.Several 'high performance' starch based wood adhesives like dialdehyde-urea type,starch-polyvinyl alcohol blends crosslinking with hexamethoxymethylmelamine type,and denatured starch/water born diisocyanate type have been developed.A novel polyester type wood adhesive has been prepared via esterification process by using the high reactive biopolyol derived from rapid liquefaction of starch under ambient atmosphere and poly-carboxylic acid(anhydrate).