Toxicokinetics and recovery studies of dicamba dimethyl amine salt in goats following single oral administration |
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| Authors: | Madhusudan Mukherjee Prashant Muraleedharannair Utpal K Karmakar Bakul K Datta Tapas K Sar Animesh K Chakraborty Anjan Bhattacharya Ashim Choudhury Tapan K Mandal |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Belgachia, Kolkata 700037, India;2. Department of Agricultural Chemicals, Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia 741252, West Bengal, India |
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| Abstract: | BACKGROUND: Toxicokinetics and recovery studies of dicamba dimethyl amine salt (DDAS) were conducted to obtain more information about its toxicity and tissue retention in farm animals. RESULTS: The minimum oral toxic dose level of DDAS was determined as 1400 mg kg?1 body weight. In the toxicokinetic study, blood DDAS concentration of 55.6 ± 0.59 µg mL?1 (mean ± standard error) was detected at 0.08 h, which peaked to 102.3 ± 5.03 µg mL?1 at 0.25 h, and declined to a minimum of 4.1 ± 0.06 µg mL?1 at 36 h. In recovery studies, DDAS concentration in urine began to increase significantly (P < 0.05) from 12 h, peaked at 24 h and declined from 48 h onwards. Maximum excretion through faeces was at 24 h and was complete by 144 h. The residual level in tissues decreased significantly (P < 0.05) on day 7 as compared to day 4. In histopathological studies, cellular alterations in lungs, liver, kidney, adrenal gland and spleen were found. CONCLUSION: DDAS persists in the body for a shorter period and its major excretory route is through urine. DDAS has lower affinity to accumulate in tissues, and intensity of cellular alterations is not severe after single‐dose oral administration. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry |
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| Keywords: | dicamba dimethyl amine salt histopathology recovery toxicokinetics |
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