红鳍东方鲀与假睛东方鲀的微卫星DNA多态性分析

为了对中国近海分布的红鳍东方鲀（Takifugu rubripes）资源进行深入调查，以确定红鳍东方鲀与假睛东方鲀（Takifugu pseudommus）的种间关系，利用根据红鳍东方鲀基因组序列设计的9对微卫星引物，对野生红鳍（WR）、野生假睛东方鲀（WP）两个地理种群和一个养殖红鳍东方鲀（CR）群体进行了遗传多样性分析。结果表明：9对引物在三个群体中均表现为多态；共获得106个等位基因，每个位点的等位基因数目在5～25之间，9个位点在三群体观测杂合度的范围从0．8167到1．0000，三群体平均杂合度观测值E，排列顺序为wR（0．8661）〉WP（0．8272）〉CR（0．7832）；3个群体之间的遗传距离较小，其中WR和WP群体间的遗传距离最小（0．0586），WR和CR群体的遗传距离最大（0．0923）；3群体的遗传分化系数Gsr很小，其中，WR和WP两群体间遗传分化系数最小（0．0177），WR和CR群体间的遗传分化系数最大（0．0290），与遗传距离的分析结果相一致。群体遗传结构的分析结果表明：红鳍东方鲀养殖群体遗传多样性显著下降，应及早加强对其种质的保护；从分子遗传学的角度来看，红鳍东方鲀与假睛东方鲀应为同一个种。

Genetic diversities of T. rubripes and T. pseudommus determined by microsatellites DNA variations

Nine microsatellite DNA markers were used to study the genetic diversity of wild China's inshore Fugu rubripes and cultured populations,and the species relationship between wild populations of T.rubripes and T.pseudommus.A total of 106 alleles were found over all nine polymorphic loci.The total number of alleles per locus ranged from 5 to 25,with allele size ranged from 201 base pairs(bp) to 349 bp.The observed heterozygosity of the nine loci ranged from 0.8167 to 1.0000.The mean observed heterozygosity(H_o) of the three populations were 0.8661(WR),0.8272(WP) and 0.7832(CR) respectively,and the values of PIC had the same order among the three populations.The results showed that the value of culture population was lower than that of the wild populations of T.rubripes,suggesting a decrease of genetic diversity in this population.The genetic distance and G_(ST) values revealed that there was no genetic differentiation between wild population of T.rubripes and T.pseudommus,indicating that they were the same species.