Single layer deep blue polymer light emitting diodes with chlorinated Indium Tin Oxide after surface modification for high performance |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China;2. School of Optoelectonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China;1. Department of Physics and Energy Harvest–Storage Research Center, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, South Korea;2. Semiconductor Applications, Ulsan College, Ulsan 680-749, South Korea;1. Tampere University of Technology, Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Laboratory for Future Electronics, P.O. Box 692, 33101 Tampere, Finland;2. DCG Systems GmbH, Am Weichselgarten 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;3. Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials IWM, Walter-Hülse-Strasse 1, 06120 Halle, Germany;4. VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 3, 02150 Espoo, Finland |
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| Abstract: | Chlorinated-Indium Tin Oxide (Cl-ITO) has been found to have higher work function than the pristine ITO. When used as anode for polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) with deep blue emitting β-phase poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorene) (β-PFO) as the emitting layer, it allows hole injection without barrier. However, the presence of chlorine free radical on the surface of Cl-ITO leads to an exciton quenching effect. The surface modification on anode by dipping into 1% ammonium (NH4OH) aqueous solution to remove free chlorine radicals on surface can enhance device performance significantly. The single layer device Cl-ITO (treated)/β-PFO/CsF/Al gives the maximum brightness 16773 cd/m2 and maximum luminance efficiency 2.40 cd/A, which are higher than those with untreated Cl-ITO, (2519; 0.27) and CFx treated ITO, (7800; 1.8) and PEDOT:PSS coated ITO, (12884; 1.43). The ease of the present anode treatment allows the one-layer-only device to be a promising candidate for practical application. |
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| Keywords: | Chlorine free radicals quench Poly(9 9-di-n-octylfluorene) PLED Chlorinated-ITO |
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