工艺条件对电积法制备铜粉的影响

采用不溶阳极电积法制备铜粉,研究了Cu²⁺质量浓度、硫酸质量浓度、电流密度、电解液温度和刮粉周期对电积过程和铜粉中位粒径的影响.结果表明:优化工艺为Cu²⁺质量浓度15 g·L^-1、硫酸质量浓度140 g·L^-1条件下,控制电流密度为1 800 A·m^-2、温度为35℃、刮粉周期为30min、循环流量为14 L·h^-1以及极距为4.5 cm,可得到高品质的铜粉,其粒度呈正态分布,微观形貌呈树枝状;增加铜离子质量浓度、硫酸质量浓度和电解液温度有利于降低槽电压;增加Cu²⁺质量浓度、电解液温度和刮粉周期有利于提高电流效率;大电流密度、高硫酸质量浓度和低Cu²⁺质量浓度有利于得到粉末粒度小的铜粉.

Effect of process conditions on the preparation of copper powders by electro-deposition

Copper powders were prepared by electro-deposition with an inert anode. The effects of Cu²⁺ mass concentration, H₂SO₄ mass concentration, current density, electrolyte temperature and scraping interval on the median particle diameter of copper powders were investigated. The results show that high quality copper powders with a normal particle size distribution and dendritic micromorphologies were obtained under the optimum conditions of the Cu²⁺ mass concentration of 15 g·L^-1, the H₂SO₄ mass concentration of 140g·L^-1, the current density of 1 800 A· m^-2, the electrolyte temperature of 35℃, the scraping interval of 30 min, the circulation rate of 14 L·h^-1 and the interpolar distance of 4.5 cm. It is advantageous to the decrease in cell voltage to increase the Cu²⁺ mass concentration, H₂SO₄ mass concentration and electrolyte temperature. The increases of Cu²⁺ mass concentration, electrolyte temperature and scraping interval help improving the current efficiency. A higher current density, a higher H₂SO₄ mass concentration and a lower Cu²⁺ mass concentration are beneficial to obtain copper powders with small particle size.