Impact of communication time delays oncombined LFC and AVR of a multi-areahybrid system with IPFC-RFBs coordinatedcontrol strategy

In this paper, the impact of communication time delays (CTDs) on combined load frequency control (LFC) andautomatic voltage regulation (AVR) of a multi-area system with hybrid generation units is addressed. Investigationreveals that CTDs have significant effect on system performance. A classical PID controller is employed as asecondary regulator and its parametric gains are optimized with a differential evolution - artificial electric fieldalgorithm (DE-AEFA). The superior performance of the presented algorithm is established by comparing withvarious optimization algorithms reported in the literature. The investigation is further extended to integration ofredox flow batteries (RFBs) and interline power flow controller (IPFC) with tie-lines. Analysis reveals that IPFC andRFBs coordinated control enhances system dynamic performance. Finally, the robustness of the proposed controlmethodology is validated by sensitivity analysis during wide variations of system parameters and load.