Chemical bath deposition and characterization of electrochromic thin films of sodium vanadium bronzes |
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| Authors: | Metodija Najdoski Violeta Koleva Sani Demiri |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Sts. Cyril and Methodius University, POB 162, Arhimedova 5, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia;2. Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;1. Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Lessingstraße 10, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, D-07743 Jena, Germany;2. Institut für Photonische Technologien e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, D-07745 Jena, Germany;3. Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Sts. Cyril and Methodius University, Arhimedova 5, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia;1. Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, “Ss Cyril and Methodius” University, P.O. Box 162, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia;2. Medical Faculty, University “Goce Del?ev”, P.O. Box 201, 2000 ?tip, Republic of Macedonia;3. Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;1. Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bldg. 11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;2. Institut za hemija, PMF, Univerzitet “Sv. Kiril i Metodij”, P.O. Box 162, 1001 Skopje, Macedonia;1. Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Sts. Cyril and Methodius University, POB 162, Arhimedova 5, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia;2. Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Republic of Bulgaria;1. Research & Development, ALKALOID AD, Aleksandar Makedonski 12, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia;2. Laboratory of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia;3. Production of pharmaceutical raw materials, Partizanski odredi 98 A, ALKALOID AD, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia;4. Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Krste Misirkov 2, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia;5. Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, SS. Cyril and Methodius University, Arhimedova 5, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia |
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| Abstract: | Thin yellow-orange films of sodium vanadium oxide bronzes have been prepared from a sodium–vanadium solution (1:1) at 75 °C and pH = 3. The composition, structure and morphology of the films have been studied by XRD, IR spectroscopy, TG and SEM–EDX analyses. It has been established that the prepared films are a phase mixture of hydrated NaV6O15 (predominant component) and Na1.1V3O7.9 with total water content of 10.58%.The sodium vanadium bronze thin films exhibit two-step electrochromism followed by color change from yellow-orange to green, and then from green to blue. The cyclic voltammetry measurements on the as-deposited and annealed vanadium bronze films reveal the existence of different oxidation/reduction vanadium sites which make these films suitable for electrochromic devices. The annealing of the films at 400 °C changes the composition, optical and electrochemical properties |
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