湖南"四水"中上游水土流失现状与治理对策

湘江、资江、沅江、澧水是湖南的四大河流 ,简称“四水” ,其中上游是湖南省水土流失的重点分布区。本文综述了“四水”中上游水土流失面积、土壤侵蚀模数和水土流失的成因、危害与治理对策。通过大量可靠的数据 ,阐明了水土流失对“四水”中上游水土资源、水利工程、河流及洞庭湖的影响与程度 ;分别从地貌、降雨、土壤、植被四种自然因素和森林过伐、耕作方式、林业垦植、岗地开发、工程项目建设五种人为因素等方面阐明了水土流失产生的主要原因。提出巩固已有的水土流失治理成果、全面实施水土保持规划、加强与完善水土保持组织机构、强化《水土保持法》的宣传教育和贯彻与监督执法力度 ,最大程度地控制和减缓水土流失的对策与建议

PRESENT SITUATION OF SOIL EROSION IN MID- AND UP-STREAM DISTRICTS OF "FOUR RIVERS" IN HUNAN AND ITS COUNTERMEASURES

The "four rivers" is the abbreviation for the Xiangjiang,Zhjiang,Yuanjing and Lishui rivers in Hunan The mid- and up-stream districts of "four rivers" are main regions of soil erosion in Hunan In this paper,the soil degradation mould and the reasons,area and harm of soil erosion of these districts are summarized and the measures for control of soil erosion presented From a great number of data,the influence of soil erosion on water and soil resources,water conservancy projects,rivers and the Dongting lake in these districts is elaborated The main reasons for soil erosion are discussed in the light of four natural factors such as geomorphy,rainfall,soil and vegetation and five artificial factors such as forest overfelling,farming methods,reclaim,hillside exploitation and project construction Some countermeasures and proposals are presented on consolidating the existed achievement for treatment of soil erosion,executing the plan for water and soil reservation,improving the organization for water and soil reservation,strengthening the propagation and education concerning law of "water and soil reservation