新疆库尔勒香梨品质分析与评价

目的 分析比较库尔勒香梨果实品质的区域差异，筛选核心评价指标，探讨果实品质综合评价方法，为库尔勒香梨品质评价提供方法支撑。方法 以新疆库尔勒市、轮台县、阿克苏市等 8 个县市 95 个果园的香梨为试验材料，分别测定可溶性固形物、可滴定酸等 7 项内在品质指标与单果质量、果形指数等 8 项外观品质指标；通过多元统计分析方法筛选核心评价指标并建立综合评价模型，按照先内在品质、后外观品质的逐步评价法评价香梨的品质优劣。结果 香梨各产地间品质离散程度为 3.81%—132.09%；对香梨的内在品质先行评价，通过主成分分析筛选出可溶性固形物、固酸比、硬度三项代表指标累计贡献率达到75.83%，对 95 个果园的香梨进行排名，去除拖尾的 35 个果园的香梨后进行外观评价，筛选出单果质量、b*、果形指数三项外观指标累计贡献率达到79.07%，较全面地表达香梨品质的综合信息，结合聚类分析确定b*、单果质量、固酸比和硬度作为香梨品质评价的重要指标。 结论 基于多元统计分析方法筛选出库尔勒香梨品质的代表指标为b*、单果质量、固酸比和硬度，通过逐级评价方法，筛选出了内在品质和外观品质俱佳的香梨，对95个果园的香梨进行综合评价，发现库车市、轮台县、尉犁县、库尔勒市的果园香梨综合品质表现优秀，沙雅县和阿克苏市的果园品质良好，阿瓦提县和新和县的果园综合品质中等。筛选出的评价指标可综合反映库尔勒香梨的品质内涵，所建立的评价模型可作为香梨品质评价的重要参考。

Quality analysis and evaluation of Korla fragrant pears in Xinjiang

ABSTRACT: Objective The regional differences of fruit quality of Korla fragrant pear were analyzed and compared, and the core evaluation indicators were screened, and the comprehensive evaluation method of fruit quality was discussed, so as to provide method support for the quality evaluation of Korla fragrant pear. Methods The fragrant pears from 95 orchards in 8 counties and cities including Korla City, Luntai County and Aksu City in Xinjiang were used as test materials. Index and other 8 appearance quality indicators; the core evaluation indicators are screened by multivariate statistical analysis method and a comprehensive evaluation model is established, and the quality of fragrant pears is evaluated according to the step-by-step evaluation method of first internal quality and second appearance quality. Results The quality dispersion degree of fragrant pears in different producing areas was 3.81%-132.09%; the internal quality of fragrant pears was evaluated first, and the cumulative contribution rate of three representative indicators of soluble solids, solid-acid ratio and hardness was screened out through principal component analysis. 75.83%, rank the fragrant pears from 95 orchards, remove the trailing fragrant pears from 35 orchards and conduct appearance evaluation, and screen out the three appearance indicators of single fruit quality, b*, and fruit shape index. The cumulative contribution rate reached 79.07% , to comprehensively express the comprehensive information of fragrant pear quality, and combined with cluster analysis to determine b*, single fruit quality, solid-acid ratio and hardness as important indicators for fragrant pear quality evaluation. Conclusion Based on the multivariate statistical analysis method, the representative indicators of the quality of Korla fragrant pear were screened as b*, single fruit quality, solid acid ratio and hardness. A comprehensive evaluation of the fragrant pears in the orchards found that the fragrant pears in Kuqa City, Luntai County, Yuli County, and Korla City performed well in overall quality, the orchards in Shaya County and Aksu City were of good quality, and those in Avati County and Xinhe County The overall quality of the orchard is medium. The selected evaluation indicators can comprehensively reflect the quality connotation of Korla fragrant pears, and the established evaluation model can be used as an important reference for the quality evaluation of fragrant pears.