液态模锻材料及其研究进展

液态模锻作为一种精密成型技术应用范围不断扩大，液锻件正在不断替代普通铸件和固态锻件用于各行各业。但液态模锻的材料范围不够明晰，导致铸造合金液态模锻研究与应用很多，而各种变形合金的液态模锻却鲜有报道。如果定义适于液态模锻技术成型的材料统称为液态模锻材料，并用流变充型能力、流变补缩能力以及开裂敏感性定量表征液锻材料的工艺性能，则各种合金钢、球墨铸铁、铝合金、镁合金、锌合金、铜合金、生物材料及金属基复合材料都属于液锻材料，且都具有较好的液锻工艺性能。目前只有液锻铝合金、液锻镁合金、液锻锌合金和一些液锻合金钢研究应用活跃，并取得了工业应用。建议今后加强液锻材料的工艺性能预报、变形合金特别是宽结晶温度范围合金的液态模锻以及金属基复合材料的研究开发。

Materials for Molten Metal Die Forging (MMMDF) and Their Research Progress

As a net-shape forming technology, molten metal die forging (MMMDF) is constantly expanding its application and replacing ordinary castings and solid forgings in various field. However, the material range for molten metal die forging process is ambiguous, which leads to that the research and application of molten metal die forging cast alloy are in full swing, while the MMMDF wrought alloys are rarely reported. If the materials suitable for forming by MMMDF technology are defined as molten metal die forging materials, MMMDF materials for short, and the process properties of MMMDF materials are quantitatively characterized by rheological filling ability, rheological feeding ability and cracking sensitivity, all kinds of alloy steel, nodular cast iron, aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, zinc alloy, copper alloy, biomaterials and metal matrix composites belong to MMMDF materials and have good process properties. At present, only MMMDF aluminum alloy, MMMDF magnesium alloy, MMMDF zinc alloy and some MMMDF alloy steels are actively studied and applied in industry. It is suggested to strengthen the study on the prediction of process properties of MMMDF materials, on MMMDF deformed alloys or wrought alloy, especially alloys with wide crystallization temperature range, and on the metal, matrix composites in the future.