Isomerization of 1-butene catalyzed by ion-exchanged,pillared and ion-exchanged/pillared clays |
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| Authors: | Alexander Moronta Tania Oberto Gabriela Carruyo Roger Solano Jorge Sánchez Eduardo González Lenin Huerta |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Micro and Nanomaterials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany;2. Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany;3. International Center for New-Structured Materials, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People''s Republic of China;4. State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People''s Republic of China;1. School of Resource and Metallurgy, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;2. Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510460, China;3. Department of Ecosystem Science and Management and Materials Research Institute, 204 Materials Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;4. School of Environment, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;5. School of Material Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China |
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| Abstract: | A natural smectite clay (STx-1, USA) was ion-exchanged with Al, Fe or pillared with polyoxocations of the same metals. Samples were also prepared by combining these two treatments. The prepared solids were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), TPD of ammonia and N2 adsorption. The catalytic activity was evaluated by using the isomerization of 1-butene at 300 °C. XRF results showed an increase in the content of Al or Fe thus giving evidence that these metals were effectively exchanged or deposited over the starting material. Al- and Fe-pillared clays showed a significant increase of the surface area. Ion-exchanged clays showed similar surface areas to that of the starting clay. From XRD patterns only the Al-pillared clay gave an increase of the d-spacing. The synthesized pillared clays were superior catalysts for the isomerization of 1-butene than the ion-exchanged clays; the ion-exchanged/pillared clays showed a similar catalytic behavior as that of the parent pillared clays. The Al-pillared clay was the best catalyst for the reaction and its efficiency was related to the high acidity and high surface area. |
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