Performance characteristics of a commercial controlled-release dispenser of sex pheromone for control of codling moth (Cydia pomonella) by mating disruption |
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Authors: | L M McDonough W C Aller A L Knight |
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Affiliation: | (1) Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 3706 W. Nob Hill Blvd., 98902 Yakima, Washington |
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Abstract: | Performance characteristics of polyethylene tube dispensers containing a mixture of (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (1), dodecan-1-ol (2), and tetradecan-1-ol (3) were evaluated for suitability as a mating disruptant for codling moth control. The rate of loss of pheromone component from a dispenser at any time was found to be described by the equation: –dP/dt=(k
1
k
2 +k
d)P whereP is the amount of pheromone component in the dispenser well;t is time;k
1
is the ratio of the amount dissolved in the dispenser wall to the amount in the dispenser well;k
1
is the ratio of the evaporation rate to the amount dissolved in the dispenser wall;k
d
is the rate constant for chemical decomposition. The evaporation rate,E, of a pheromone component at any time was given by:E=k
1
k
2
P For all three components during the first three weeks,k
1
decreased from ca. 0.25 to ca. 0.10 and was approximately constant thereafter. The decrease ofk
1
with time may have been caused by weather-induced cross-linking of the polyethylene. Over timek
2
was constant and was 1.27 ± 0.26 × 10–3/hr for1, 1.96 ± 0.33 × 10su–3/hr for 2, and 0.31± 0.05 × 10–3/hr for 3. Thek
2
was zero for2 and3 and 6.96 × 10–4 for1. After 150 days in an orchard in 1991, 95% of1 was lost from the dispensers (61% of the loss was by chemical decomposition and 39% by evaporation). The heat summation units in a Yakima valley orchard during 1991 were 4.7% above the average for the 1980–1991 period, while during 1990 they were the highest for this period (26% above average). After the first three weeks of dispenser aging, the regression line half-lives for1 for 1990 and 1991 were 31.0 and 35.1 days, respectively. The difference in temperature between 1990 and 1991 did not affect the half-life of1 very much because so much of the loss was from photochemically induced decomposition. Based on an estimate of the required minimum evaporation rate for mating disruption of 2 mg/ha-hr and a half-life of 35 days for1, 2345 dispensers/ha would be required for one application per season; 944 dispensers/ha for two applications per season; and 734 dispensers/ha for three applications per season. If a different emission rate of1 is required for reliable mating disruption, then the number of dispensers required would be changed proportionately. |
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Keywords: | Sex pheromone codling moth Cydia pomonella Lepidoptera Tortricidae Olethreutinae controlled release mating disruption dodecan-1-ol tetradecan-1-ol (E E)-8 10-dodecadien-1-ol |
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