微生物提高原油采收率的机理研究

实验中所选用的ＤＬＡ５、ＬＢ７、ＨＧ９细菌来自辽河油田、塔里木油田和江汉油田的油水样。用筛选培养出的３种细菌对青海七个泉油田的原油进行了处理，对毛细管等速电泳、气相色谱、红外光谱实测结果的分析表明，这３种细菌可降解青海七个泉油田原油的长链烷烃、芳烃支链，但对芳环骨架没有影响。代谢过程中产生有机酸、酯、酮类和气体等物质。有机酸主要是乙酸，气体主要是氮气。对微生物作用前后的原油物性进行测定，结果表明，微生物作用后可使原油粘度降低、蜡含量下降、凝固点降低。提高采收率是一种多因素协同作用的结果。

A study of mechanisms of microbial enhanced oil recovery.

Microbes DLA5, LB7, HG9 have been separated from oil and water samples of Liaohe, Tarim and Jianghan oil fields. Crude oils from Qinghai Qigequan oil fields have been treated by these microbes. Crude oils before and after microbial action have been analyzed by high performance capillary electrophoresis, gas chromatography and infrared spectroscopy. The results show that long chain alkane, alkyl chain of aromatics can be degraded by these microbes but frameworks of aromatic ring can not be changed. Organic acids, acetones, ethers and gases are produced during microbial metabolization. The physical characteristics of oils before and after microbial treatment have been determined. The results suggest that microbial action can reduce viscosity and wax content of crude oils.