五轴机床RTCP检测的轨迹生成与性能比较

对于五轴数控机床来说，伺服系统动态性能有限引起的动态误差是高速高精度运动过程中影响加工精度的主要因素。基于刀尖跟随（Rotation tool centre point，RTCP）功能的机床精度检测是一种较为常见的五轴机床动态性能检测方法，相较于其他方法，具有检测精度高、检测轨迹可变、受其他误差项干扰较少的优点。进行基于RTCP功能的机床精度测量的关键是驱动各运动轴联动的检测轨迹，而现有的检测轨迹生成方式比较简单，没有能够充分的反映机床的动态性能，检测性能目前并不令人满意。采用复杂程度4种不同的RTCP轨迹生成方法即区域弧线、简单函数、复合函数、样条拟合，分别生成了4条RTCP检测轨迹，通过比较这些检测轨迹的检测性能，评判检测轨迹生成方法的优劣性，选出最优的RTCP检测轨迹生成方法，可用于指导RTCP检测轨迹规划。

Comparison of the Generating Method and Detecting Ability of RTCP Trajectories for Five-axis CNC Machine Tool

For five-axis CNC machine tools, the dynamic error caused by poor servo dynamic performance is the majority to harm accuracy during high-speed and high-precision manufacturing. As a common method to detect dynamic performance of five-axis machine tools, measurement by using RTCP (Rotation tool centre point) function is always known as a better way than others with the advantages of high detection accuracy, variable detection trajectory and little interference. The key to effectively detect with RTCP function is suitable trajectory, but the reported trajectories are simple and not enough to show dynamic performance of five-axis machine tool. Four RTCP trajectories, which are created respectively by regional arc, simple function, composite function and spline fitting, are used and the most effective trajectory generating method is shown by comparing measuring ability of 4 trajectories.