基于静电作用选择性吸附染料的超分子凝胶剂

设计并合成了一系列季铵盐型凝胶剂，仅通过调控季铵盐烷基侧链的长度，可得到两种自组装模式不同的凝胶剂。通过FTIR、XRD研究了甲苯干凝胶的自组装模式。这两种干凝胶具有相反的表面Zeta电位，通过静电作用实现了对阴阳离子染料的选择性吸附。在二元阴阳离子混合染料水溶液中，表面带有负电荷的干凝胶可优先捕获阳离子染料，而表面带有正电荷的干凝胶可捕获阴离子染料。特别是表面带有负电荷的干凝胶对龙胆紫表现出优异的吸附性能，在60 min左右的平衡吸附量高达1313.16 mg/g。将凝胶剂负载于三聚氰胺海绵骨架表面，得到的改性海绵吸附染料种类与对其改性的干凝胶保持一致，且对染料的吸附量均明显高于干凝胶的吸附量，尤其是对龙胆紫的吸附量提升至2488.22 mg/g。

Gelators for selective adsorption of dyes based on electrostatic interaction

A series of quaternary ammonium salt-type gelators were designed, and two gelators with different self-assembly modes were obtained only by modulating the length of quaternary alkyl side chains. The self-assembly patterns of the xerogels were investigated by FTIR and XRD. This two xerogels had opposite surface zeta potentials and achieved selective adsorption of anionic and cationic dyes through electrostatic interaction. In binary anionic-cationic mixed dyes, xerogel with negatively charged surfaces preferentially captured cationic dyes, while xerogel with positively charged surfaces captured anionic dyes. Particularly, the xerogel with a negative surface charge showed excellent adsorption performance on crystal violet, with the equilibrium adsorption amount up to 1313.16 mg/g in 60 min. By loading the xerogel on the surface of melamine sponge skeleton, and the obtained modified sponge adsorbed the same kinds of dyes as the xerogel modified on it. And the adsorption capacities of the dyes were all significantly higher than those xerogels, especially the adsorption capacity for crystal violet reached 2488.22 mg/g.