低强度脉冲射线测量中的统计起伏分析

分析了闪烁探测器在低强度脉冲γ射线测量中的统计起伏现象，指出探测器输出信号的涨落不仅与达到测点的γ射线注量率、时间分布、空间分布、能量分布的统计性有关，而且还与射线和探测器的作用、能量沉积、荧光光子发射和传输、荧光光子与光阴极作用、光电子和打拿级的作用等随机事件的统计特性有关。详细推导了统计起伏的计算公式，并给出了3种型号的闪烁体与9815B型光电倍增管组成的闪烁探测器在给定测量下限时的统计起伏计算值。

Analysis of statistical fluctuation in measurements of low intensity pulse rays

This paper analyzes the statistical fluctuation of scintillation detectors in the field of low intensity gamma pulse rays. It is found that the statistical fluctuation of scintillation detectors is affected not only by intensity of incident gamma pulse rays, timing distribution, spatial distribution and energy distribution, but also by interaction between gamma rays and detectors, energy deposition, emission and transportation of fluorescence photons, interactions between fluorescence photons and photocathode, and between photoelectrons and dynodes. The formula on statistical fluctuation of scintillation detectors is deduced. The statistical errors of three types scintillation detectors composed of different scintillators and photomultiplier tube 9815B under the lowest measurement limit of gamma pulse rays are estimated.