tRNA Biology in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes: Role of Genetic and Environmental Factors |
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Authors: | Maria Nicol Arroyo Jonathan Alex Green Miriam Cnop Mariana Igoillo-Esteve |
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Affiliation: | 1.ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (M.N.A.); (J.A.G.); (M.C.);2.Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium |
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Abstract: | The global rise in type 2 diabetes results from a combination of genetic predisposition with environmental assaults that negatively affect insulin action in peripheral tissues and impair pancreatic β-cell function and survival. Nongenetic heritability of metabolic traits may be an important contributor to the diabetes epidemic. Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are noncoding RNA molecules that play a crucial role in protein synthesis. tRNAs also have noncanonical functions through which they control a variety of biological processes. Genetic and environmental effects on tRNAs have emerged as novel contributors to the pathogenesis of diabetes. Indeed, altered tRNA aminoacylation, modification, and fragmentation are associated with β-cell failure, obesity, and insulin resistance. Moreover, diet-induced tRNA fragments have been linked with intergenerational inheritance of metabolic traits. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of how perturbations in tRNA biology play a role in the pathogenesis of monogenic and type 2 diabetes. |
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Keywords: | type 2 diabetes tRNA tRNA fragments tRNA modifications pancreatic β -cells obesity insulin resistance |
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